Crawlability answers one question: can a bot reliably discover and fetch this URL? It’s determined by discovery sources (internal links, backlinks, XML sitemaps, manual submission) and access controls (robots.txt and server responses). Indexability answers a different question: can this crawled, rendered page be stored and shown in results? It’s governed by signal extraction, canonicalization, and inclusion decisions such as a noindex directive or thin, duplicate content. The key asymmetry is that a page can be perfectly crawlable and still be excluded from the index — “crawlable but not indexable” means the engine can see the page but has been told, or has decided, not to store it.
Full guide → Crawlability and Indexation: Ensuring Search Engine Access
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