GPT-4o answers fast and handles audio, vision, and text; o1 slows down to reason. Here is how the two OpenAI lines differ and when to reach for each.

Move beyond standard RAG. A technical blueprint for a deep research system — orchestrator plus sub-agents — that answers complex, multi-source questions.

Stop prompting, start architecting. Why production agents fail, and how supervisor, blackboard, and swarm topologies fix it.

Separates pre-training from fine-tuning, contrasts fine-tuning with RAG, and covers efficient methods (PEFT, LoRA) and alignment (RLHF, DPO).

A reference on the Model Context Protocol (MCP) — the open standard and the Host, Client, and Server architecture that make agentic AI possible.